1512:
Ponce de León arrives in Florida
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1519:
The Spanish explore the south of Texas, the Carolinas and
the Chesapeake Bay
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1528-36:
Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca explores the South
and Southeast
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1540-42:
Francisco de Coronado explores New Mexico, Arizona, Texas,
Oklahoma and Kansas
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1542:
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo arrives at San Diego Bay
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1565:
Pedro Menéndez de Aviles founds San Augustine, the oldest
Spanish city in the US
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1598:
Juan de Oñate founds the San Gabriel Mission in New
Mexico
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1609:
Juan de Oñate founds Santa Fe, New Mexico
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1691:
Father Eusebio Kino founds the San Xavier Mission in Tucson,
Arizona
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1769-76:
Friar Junípero Serra begins the colonization of upper
California
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1819:
Spain cedes Florida to the US
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1846:
The US declares war on Mexico
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1848:
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed in the US and Mexico.
Mexico loses half its territory (the present-day states of
Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, and parts of Colorado,
Nevada and Utah) in exchange for fifteen million dollars
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1886:
Vicente Martínez Ybor de Cuba founds Ybor City near
Tampa
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1898:
Spain declares war on Cuba. The US intervenes and Spain cedes
Puerto Rico (in addition to the Philippines and Cuba, both
of which become independent within the next fifty years)
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1917:
US Citizenship granted to Puerto Ricans
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1942-64:
Bracero movement
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1952:
Puerto Rico becomes an "Associated Free State"
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1959:
The first Cuban exiles arrive in the US
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1962:
César Chávez begins the United Farm Worker movement
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1968:
Bilingual Education Act passed (Test case: Lau vs. Nichols,
1974)
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1980:
125,000 Cubans arrive in the US from the Cuban port city of
Mariel
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1980:
Central American refugees stream into the US
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1994:
Some 34,000 undocumented Cubans, called "balseros",
arrive
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